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|website = http://www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu/ | }} The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D〔("Seats by political group in each Member State: definitive results at 14 July 2009 at 09:00 CEST" ), 14 July 2009, from (http://www.elections2009-results.eu/ )〕) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists (PES). The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political groups in the European Parliament after ALDE. It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009.〔("European socialists change name to accommodate Italian lawmakers" ) from (http://www.monstersandcritics.com )〕 The group mostly comprises social-democratic parties. Until the 1999 European Parlament elections it was the largest group in the Parliament, but since those elections is constantly the second-largest group. S&D is during the 8th EU Parliament Assembly the only Parlament group with representation from all 28 EU member states. In the European Council, 8 out of 28 Heads of State and Government belong to the S&D Group and in the European Commission, 8 out of 28 Commissioners come from PES parties. ==History== The ''Socialist Group'' was one of the first three groups to be created when it was founded on 23 June 1953〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Europa (web portal) )〕 in the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community. The Common Assembly was the predecessor of the European Parliament. A group bureau and secretariat was established in Luxembourg. The group continued through the creation of the appointed Parliament in 1958 and, when the Parliament became an elected body in 1979 following the first European election, the group became the largest in terms of returned MEPs. In 1987, the Single European Act came into force and the group began co-operation with the European People's Party (EPP) to secure the majorities needed under the cooperation procedure.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=EPP-ED Group website )〕 The left–right coalition between the Socialists and EPP has dominated the Parliament since then and (with some exceptions) the post of President of the Parliament has been split between the two groups ever since. Meanwhile, the national parties making up the group were also organising themselves on a European level ''outside'' the Parliament, creating the ''Confederation of Socialist Parties of the European Community'' in 1974.〔〔〔(How does the PES work? )〕 The Confederation was succeeded by the Party of European Socialists (PES), in 1992.〔〔 As a result, the parliamentary group was renamed the ''Group of the Party of European Socialists'' on 21 April 1993.〔 In 1999, the Parliament refused to approve the Santer Commission's handling of the EU budget. Allegations of corruption centred on two PES Commissioners, Édith Cresson and Manuel Marín. The group initially supported the Commission but later withdrew their support, forcing the Commission to resign. The group was renamed again to the ''Socialist Group in the European Parliament''〔 on 20 July 2004〔 and was given a different logo, to further distinguish the PES group organisation from the PES European political party. In 2007, the Socialist Group was the second largest group in Parliament, with MEPs from all but two member states, Latvia and Cyprus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Europa (web portal) )〕 However, the 2009 European election saw a reduction in the number of PES MEPs returned from 2004. The group sought additional members in the Democratic Party of Italy, which was not affiliated to the PES in 2009.〔()〕 By the conclusion of the 2004-2009 parliamentary term, the Democratic Party had 8 MEPs in the Socialist Group (coming from Democrats of the Left), but also had 8 MEPs in ALDE Group (coming from The Daisy). The Democratic Party is a big tent centre-left party, strongly influenced by social democracy and the Christian left, and had MEPs who were former Christian Democrats or had other political views. So a new and more inclusive group name had to be found. The group was going to be named ''Alliance of Socialists and Democrats for Europe'' (ASDE) but this was seemed too similar to Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). The name ''Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats'' was suggested on 18 June by group president Martin Schulz and it was renamed on 23 June 2009.〔 The English abbreviation was initially unclear, being variously reported as PASD or S&D Group or PASDE. Dissatisfaction by Socialist MEPs towards the new name led Martin Schulz to admit that the name was still under consideration and that the group was to be referred to as the 'Socialists and Democrats' until a final title was chosen. On 14 July 2009, the first day of the constitutive session of the 2009-2014 term, the full formal group name was ''Group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament''〔 and the abbreviation was ''S&D''.〔 The S&D Group joined the Progressive Alliance upon its official foundation on 22 May 2013〔()〕 and is a member of the organisation's board.〔http://progressive-alliance.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/List-Board-Members.pdf〕 The group was formerly an Associated Organisation of the Socialist International.〔(Progressive Politics For A Fairer World ). Socialist International. Retrieved on 2013-08-24.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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